Competing frameworks for Indigenous recognition: International, Australian and Victorian approaches CASTANMELISSA 2020 This thesis addresses the recognition and incorporation of international human rights standards for Indigenous peoples in Australian federal and Victorian law. Specifically it draws upon the key claims to Indigenous rights, of self-determination and cultural protection, framing these as articulated and enforced under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It examines the constitutional recognition of Indigenous rights, and recognition in the Victorian Charter. Finally, it draws upon a specific case study on the under-registration of Indigenous births.