Liquidated Damages and Penalties:A Comparison of the Common Law and Certain International Approaches RICHARD JAMES MANLY 10.26180/5ce51a095d69c https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/thesis/Liquidated_Damages_and_Penalties_A_Comparison_of_the_Common_Law_and_Certain_International_Approaches/8166812 The thesis compares recent developments to the tests to be applied to engage the penalty doctrine in Australia and England with certain international approaches which apply a different test.All systems analysed evidence a common rational which is that stipulations with the aim or purpose of punishment will not be enforced.Recommendations are provided as to how the relevant test for legitimate interests which applies in Australia and England can be limited in its application. 2019-05-22 09:44:39 Liquidated Damages The Doctrine of Penalties Law